193 papers
A nationwide home-based test-to-treat program successfully delivered timely and equitable antiviral treatment for COVID-19 and influenza to diverse adults across all 50 states by integrating at-home testing, on-demand telehealth, and flexible medication fulfillment options.
This study develops a delay differential equation model incorporating relapse and multiple time delays to demonstrate that while incubation delays affect epidemic peak timing, relapse is the critical mechanism driving Nipah virus persistence and altering endemic equilibrium conditions beyond the classical reproduction threshold.
Strengthening in-country sequencing capacity in Guinea generated 28 Lassa virus genomes that revealed cross-border transmission dynamics with Liberia and Sierra Leone, highlighting the critical role of enhanced genomic surveillance in guiding future public health actions.
This exploratory study utilized quantitative proteomics on plasma samples from adults with active syphilis and matched controls to identify specific protein signatures that effectively distinguish active disease from prior treatment, suggesting a promising avenue for developing novel diagnostic tools.
This cross-sectional study at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital reveals that two-thirds of children under two with confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection received antibiotics, primarily driven by markers of disease severity rather than bacterial co-infection, highlighting an urgent need for improved diagnostics and antimicrobial stewardship in Ghana.
This paper proposes a Bayesian modeling framework that infers real-time changes in respiratory pathogen transmissibility and population immunity by analyzing systematic deviations between GPS-derived contact patterns and infection surveillance data, successfully quantifying the increased fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the protective effects of vaccination in Germany.
Using an agent-based model calibrated with Tanzanian data, this study demonstrates that transitioning from standard pyrethroid-only nets to new-generation insecticide-treated nets (pyrethroid-PBO and Interceptor G2), potentially combined with periodic indoor residual spraying, significantly reduces malaria transmission and disrupts the evolutionary trajectory of insecticide resistance.
This study demonstrates that significant variability in sensitivity among widely used serological assays leads to missed Lyme disease diagnoses, highlighting the critical need for standardized testing protocols and the routine integration of longitudinal sample comparisons to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
A retrospective analysis of Austria's 2024 mortality data reveals that while all-cause death rates in the elderly were lower than pre-pandemic levels with no visible impact from reported COVID-19 deaths (suggesting potential overcounting), mortality rates significantly increased among adolescents and young adults.
A retrospective study of 827 serotype 4 invasive pneumococcal disease cases in Spain (2009–2024) reveals that a post-pandemic outbreak driven by the highly virulent ST15063/GPSC162 lineage initially affected young adults with high-risk behaviors in Seville before spreading to the elderly, a progression exacerbated by cigarette smoke and influenza H3N2 coinfection, underscoring the need for targeted vaccination and molecular surveillance.
Through active surveillance at a large academic center in North Carolina, researchers identified two previously unreported cases of Heartland virus disease with varying clinical severity and distinct genomic sequences, highlighting the need for expanded surveillance to better understand the virus's true burden and pathogenesis.
The Cultryx machine learning model, trained on electronic medical record data, significantly outperforms standard clinical heuristics and AI tools in predicting bacteremia, enabling a 26.2% reduction in unnecessary blood culture orders while maintaining high sensitivity to conserve resources and improve patient safety.
A prospective multicenter study in Japan demonstrated that the QuickNavi-Campylobacter rapid antigen test shows high concordance with the FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel for early diagnosis of Campylobacter infections, though its sensitivity declines in specimens collected six or more days after symptom onset.
Genotyping of *Plasmodium vivax* isolates in eastern Cambodia from 2014 to 2023 reveals a significant decline in parasite diversity and an increase in inbreeding, providing genetic evidence that widespread radical cure interventions have successfully reduced malaria transmission.
A 2023 cross-sectional survey in Cambodia reveals that while *Plasmodium falciparum* is nearly eliminated, current diagnostic practices relying on rapid tests fail to detect the majority of *Plasmodium* infections (predominantly *P. vivax*), particularly in low-transmission settings where false-negative rates are highest.
This study utilizes validated spatiotemporal Bayesian models to estimate the rising prevalence of artemisinin resistance markers (Kelch 13) and partner drug markers across Sub-Saharan Africa, projecting that by 2026, over 10% of endemic transmission areas and nearly 6% of malaria cases will be affected, thereby providing a critical framework for guiding surveillance and policy decisions amidst data gaps.
This study presents a two-step deep-learning framework that integrates candidemia and 30-day mortality risk models using large electronic health record datasets, demonstrating superior performance over conventional methods in identifying high-risk patients to facilitate timely empiric antifungal therapy.
A secondary analysis of the EAGeR trial found that while preconception *Mycoplasma genitalium* seropositivity alone was not significantly associated with impaired fecundity, co-seropositivity with *Chlamydia trachomatis* was linked to a reduced likelihood of live birth.
This mixed-methods study at four Ugandan AMR surveillance sites reveals that blood culture utilization for suspected sepsis in hospitalized children under five remains low (28.1%) despite high clinician awareness, driven primarily by systemic barriers, inefficient workflows, and emotional fatigue rather than knowledge gaps, with higher usage linked to clinical severity and senior clinician involvement.
This study identifies a novel transposon, Tn8026, carried on a linear plasmid as the global driver of transmissible linezolid resistance in *Enterococcus*, revealing its long-standing undetected circulation across species and continents through long-read genomic surveillance.